{
    "id": "e-012-030",
    "full_name": "ANDREWS (ST.)",
    "plain_name": "ANDREWS (ST.)",
    "or_name": "",
    "pop_name": "",
    "term": ",",
    "raw": ", city and parish on east\ncoast of Fife. The city stands at terminus\nof branch railway, 45 miles north-by-east\nof Edinburgh ; ranks as a royal and\nparliamentary burgh, a university town,\na nominal seaport, and a fashionable\nsummer resort ; occupies a rocky plateau\nabout 50 feet above sea-level ; overlooks a\nwide unsheltered expansion of the Eden's\nestuary, called St. Andrews Bay ; adjoins\na large extent of links or downs, famous\nfor the game of golf ; looks landward over\na low, flat, fertile country, screened at\nsome miles' distance by gentle hills, and\npresents a striking appearance as seen at\na little distance, and a very suggestive\none as seen within its own thoroughfares.\nIt dates from about the Culdee times ; it\ngot its name of St. Andrews from a fiction\nthat some bones of the Apostle Andrew\nwere brought to it by an ancient ecclesi-\nastic; it figured long and powerfully as\nthe Canterbury of Scotland ; it was the\nscene of martyrdoms, commotions, and\nevents of national import in the times of\nthe Reformation ; it figured also in politi-\ncal matters of the highest consequence at\nvarious periods, from that of Robert Bruce\ntill that of James VI.; it passed eventually\ninto prolonged neglect and decay, till most\nof its historical splendour became lost in\nmere ruins and memory, and it underwent\nsuch modern revival as has rendered it a\npleasant and prosperous resort of literary\nmen, students, wealthy annuitants, and\nsummer residents.\nThe town comprises regular, well-built\nthoroughfares, 3 principal old streets,\nand a number of handsome modern ex-\ntensions ; includes great public buildings,\nand grand, picturesque, historical ruins ;\nhas a head post office with all departments,\n4 banking offices, 3 hotels, and a number\nof boarding and educational estab-\nlishments, and publishes 2 weekly news-\npapers. The old town hall has been\nrenovated, and contains curious relics.\nThe new town hall was erected in 1858-59,\nand is well suited for public assemblies.\nThe Martyrs' Monument was erected in\n1842, and is 45 feet high. Trinity Church,\nerected in 12th century, was the scene of\nsome of John Knox's heaviest blows at\nRomanism, and underwent repair in 1798.\nSt. Leonard's Church was originally St.\nSalvator's Chapel, erected in 15th century,\nand contains a magnificent monument of\nits founder, Bishop Kennedy. Other\nchurches are Free, United Presbyterian,\nCongregational, Baptist, and Episcopalian.\nThe University Library was erected in\n1764, on the site of a parliament house.\nSt. Mary's College was founded in 1537,\nforms two sides of a quadrangle, and is\nused for only the divinity classes. The\nUnited College comprises St. Salvator's,\nfounded in 1455, St. Leonard's, founded in\n1512, united in 1747 ; forms also two sides\nof a quadrangle, and is entered by an\narchway through the basement of a lofty\nsteeple. The number of matriculated\nstudents in 1880 was 187. The Madras\nCollege, for secondary education, was\nerected in 1832, comprises an open quad-\nrangle, and has accommodation for more\nthan 1000 pupils. 4 other schools are\nin the burgh, and the 5 have aggregately\naccommodation for 2008 scholars. The\nCastle was erected towards the end of\n14th century, succeeded a previous strong\nstructure of about the beginning of the\n13th century, served as both a fortress and\na palace, was destroyed in connection with\nthe events of the Reformation, and is now\nrepresented chiefly by a tower and part of\na wall. The Cathedral was founded in\n1162, completed in 1318, and destroyed in\n1559, was a cruciform edifice of 370 feet\nfrom east to west and 180 feet from\nnorth to south, and is now represented\nby only the east end, half of the west\nend, and part of the south walls. St.\nRule's Chapel is one of the oldest\necclesiastical structures in Scotland, and,\nthough long a ruin, still shows a well-\npreserved portion of a very small church,\nwith a tower 108 feet high. The Augus-\ntine Monastery, long one of the grandest in\nEurope, is now almost entirely extinct. The\nDominican Monastery is still represented\nby a fine fragment of arched roof. St.\nAndrews unites with 6 other Fife burghs\nin sending a member to Parliament. A\nrailway to Anstruther was begun to be\nformed in 1881. Pop. of the parliamen-\ntary burgh, 6452.\nThe parish excludes the St. Leonards\npart of the town, but includes Strath-\nkinness and Boarhills villages, and it\nmeasures 9 miles in length and less than\n3 miles in greatest breadth. Acres, 11,482.\nKeal property of landward part in 1880-81,\n25,250. Pop., quoad ci villa, 7829; quoad\nsacra, 6709. The river and estuary of\nEden form the northern boundary ; the\ncoast thence to the city is firm sandy\nbeach, skirted by the famous links, and\nthe coast thence to the southern boundaiy\nis mostly rugged and rocky. Much of the\ninterior is low flat land, and the rest is\nmostly low hill or moor. The seats are\nnumerous. 3 schools, with accom-\nmodation for 395 scholars, serve for the\nlandward parts of both this parish and\nSt. Leonards.",
    "page": "12",
    "end_page": "13",
    "start_line": 30,
    "end_line": 14,
    "col": 1,
    "end_col": 1,
    "rest": ", city and parish on east coast of Fife. The city stands at terminus of branch railway, 45 miles north-by-east of Edinburgh ; ranks as a royal and parliamentary burgh, a university town, a nominal seaport, and a fashionable summer resort ; occupies a rocky plateau about 50 feet above sea-level ; overlooks a wide unsheltered expansion of the Eden's estuary, called St. Andrews Bay ; adjoins a large extent of links or downs, famous for the game of golf ; looks landward over a low, flat, fertile country, screened at some miles' distance by gentle hills, and presents a striking appearance as seen at a little distance, and a very suggestive one as seen within its own thoroughfares. It dates from about the Culdee times ; it got its name of St. Andrews from a fiction that some bones of the Apostle Andrew were brought to it by an ancient ecclesiastic; it figured long and powerfully as the Canterbury of Scotland ; it was the scene of martyrdoms, commotions, and events of national import in the times of the Reformation ; it figured also in political matters of the highest consequence at various periods, from that of Robert Bruce till that of James VI.; it passed eventually into prolonged neglect and decay, till most of its historical splendour became lost in mere ruins and memory, and it underwent such modern revival as has rendered it a pleasant and prosperous resort of literary men, students, wealthy annuitants, and summer residents. The town comprises regular, well-built thoroughfares, 3 principal old streets, and a number of handsome modern ex-tensions ; includes great public buildings, and grand, picturesque, historical ruins ; has a head post office with all departments, 4 banking offices, 3 hotels, and a number of boarding and educational establishments, and publishes 2 weekly news-papers. The old town hall has been renovated, and contains curious relics. The new town hall was erected in 1858-59, and is well suited for public assemblies. The Martyrs' Monument was erected in 1842, and is 45 feet high. Trinity Church, erected in 12th century, was the scene of some of John Knox's heaviest blows at Romanism, and underwent repair in 1798. St. Leonard's Church was originally St. Salvator's Chapel, erected in 15th century, and contains a magnificent monument of its founder, Bishop Kennedy. Other churches are Free, United Presbyterian, Congregational, Baptist, and Episcopalian. The University Library was erected in 1764, on the site of a parliament house. St. Mary's College was founded in 1537, forms two sides of a quadrangle, and is used for only the divinity classes. The United College comprises St. Salvator's, founded in 1455, St. Leonard's, founded in 1512, united in 1747 ; forms also two sides of a quadrangle, and is entered by an archway through the basement of a lofty steeple. The number of matriculated students in 1880 was 187. The Madras College, for secondary education, was erected in 1832, comprises an open quadrangle, and has accommodation for more than 1000 pupils. 4 other schools are in the burgh, and the 5 have aggregately accommodation for 2008 scholars. The Castle was erected towards the end of 14th century, succeeded a previous strong structure of about the beginning of the 13th century, served as both a fortress and a palace, was destroyed in connection with the events of the Reformation, and is now represented chiefly by a tower and part of a wall. The Cathedral was founded in 1162, completed in 1318, and destroyed in 1559, was a cruciform edifice of 370 feet from east to west and 180 feet from north to south, and is now represented by only the east end, half of the west end, and part of the south walls. St. Rule's Chapel is one of the oldest ecclesiastical structures in Scotland, and, though long a ruin, still shows a well-preserved portion of a very small church, with a tower 108 feet high. The Augustine Monastery, long one of the grandest in Europe, is now almost entirely extinct. The Dominican Monastery is still represented by a fine fragment of arched roof. St. Andrews unites with 6 other Fife burghs in sending a member to Parliament. A railway to Anstruther was begun to be formed in 1881. Pop. of the parliamentary burgh, 6452. The parish excludes the St. Leonards part of the town, but includes Strathkinness and Boarhills villages, and it measures 9 miles in length and less than 3 miles in greatest breadth. Acres, 11,482. Keal property of landward part in 1880-81, 25,250. Pop., quoad ci villa, 7829; quoad sacra, 6709. The river and estuary of Eden form the northern boundary ; the coast thence to the city is firm sandy beach, skirted by the famous links, and the coast thence to the southern boundaiy is mostly rugged and rocky. Much of the interior is low flat land, and the rest is mostly low hill or moor. The seats are numerous. 3 schools, with accommodation for 395 scholars, serve for the landward parts of both this parish and St. Leonards.",
    "or": null,
    "see": null,
    "links": []
}